Read, write, and convert multiple sequence alignment files using Biopython Bio.AlignIO. Supports Clustal, PHYLIP, Stockholm, FASTA, Nexus, and other alignment formats for phylogenetics and conservation analysis. Use when reading, writing, or converting alignment file formats.

Calculate alignment statistics including sequence identity, conservation scores, substitution matrices, and similarity metrics. Use when comparing alignment quality, measuring sequence divergence, and analyzing evolutionary patterns.

Call accessible chromatin regions from ATAC-seq data using MACS3 with ATAC-specific parameters. Use when identifying open chromatin regions from aligned ATAC-seq BAM files, different from ChIP-seq peak calling.

Detect transcription factor binding sites through footprinting analysis in ATAC-seq data using TOBIAS. Use when identifying TF occupancy patterns within accessible regions, as TF binding protects DNA from Tn5 cutting.

Analyze transcription factor motif accessibility variability using chromVAR. Use when identifying which TF motifs show variable accessibility across samples or conditions in ATAC-seq data.

Download large datasets from NCBI efficiently using history server, batching, and rate limiting. Use when performing bulk sequence downloads, handling large query results, or production-scale data retrieval.

Process multiple sequence files in batch using Biopython. Use when working with many files, merging/splitting sequences, or automating file operations across directories.

Create, manipulate, and convert bedGraph files for genome browser visualization. Covers bedGraph format, conversion to/from bigWig, normalization, and signal processing. Use when handling coverage and signal tracks from ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq, or RNA-seq.

Run remote BLAST searches against NCBI databases using Biopython Bio.Blast. Use when identifying unknown sequences, finding homologs, or searching for sequence similarity against NCBI's nr/nt databases.

Identify likely causal variants within GWAS loci using SuSiE for sum of single effects regression and FINEMAP for shotgun stochastic search. Computes posterior inclusion probabilities and credible sets to prioritize variants for functional follow-up. Use when narrowing GWAS association signals to candidate causal variants or building credible sets for functional validation.

Estimate causal effects between exposures and outcomes using genetic variants as instrumental variables with TwoSampleMR. Implements IVW, MR-Egger, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO methods for robust causal inference from GWAS summary statistics. Use when testing whether an exposure causally affects an outcome using genetic instruments.

Differential binding analysis using DiffBind. Compare ChIP-seq peaks between conditions with statistical rigor. Requires replicate samples. Outputs differentially bound regions with fold changes and p-values. Use when comparing ChIP-seq binding between conditions.

De novo motif discovery and known motif enrichment analysis using HOMER and MEME-ChIP. Identify transcription factor binding motifs in ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq, or other genomic peak data. Use when finding enriched DNA motifs in peak sequences.

ChIP-seq quality control metrics including FRiP (Fraction of Reads in Peaks), cross-correlation analysis (NSC/RSC), library complexity, and IDR (Irreproducibility Discovery Rate) for replicate concordance. Use to assess experiment quality before downstream analysis. Use when assessing ChIP-seq data quality metrics.

Identifies super-enhancers from H3K27ac ChIP-seq data using ROSE and related tools. Use when studying cell identity genes, cancer-associated regulatory elements, or master transcription factor binding regions that cluster into large enhancer domains.

Query dbSNP for rsID lookups, variant annotations, and cross-references to other databases. Use when mapping between rsIDs and genomic coordinates or retrieving basic variant information.

Call HLA alleles from NGS data using OptiType, HLA-HD, or arcasHLA for immunogenomics applications. Use when determining HLA genotype for transplant matching, neoantigen prediction, or pharmacogenomic screening.

Extract and analyze mutational signatures from somatic variants using SigProfiler or MutationalPatterns to characterize mutagenic processes. Use when identifying DNA damage mechanisms or etiology in cancer genomes.

Annotate CLIP-seq binding sites to genomic features including 3'UTR, 5'UTR, CDS, introns, and ncRNAs. Use when characterizing where an RBP binds in transcripts.

Align CLIP-seq reads to the genome with crosslink site awareness. Use when mapping preprocessed CLIP reads for peak calling.